Management and Administration
There is a huge controversy between management and administration. Some regard management and administration as one and the same thing, while others take these terms as different.
In American point of view, management is smaller than administration. It is concerned with laying down broad goals and policies. Management on the other hand is concerned with accomplishment of these goals and policies. It executes the plans and policies determined by administration. According to Leffingwell and Robinson, “ The function of administration is to determine the policies upon which the enterprise is to be conducted while the function of management is to carry out the policies laid down by the administrative group.”
In British point of view, Management is wider than administration. According to E.F.L. Brech, “Administration is that part of management which is concerned with the installation and carrying out of the procedures by which the program is laid down and communicated and the progress of activities is regulated and checked against plan.”
Modern point of view differ from that of American and British definition. It is very difficult to clearly differentiate between these two terms in the modern age. Management is a specialized activity required for running social institutions. This specialized skill is called management in business and administration in government. Thus, there is no distinction between management and administration as they are viewed as synonymous terms.
Functions of Management:
1. Planning:
Planning is a basic managerial function. It is the process by which managers define goals and take necessary steps to ensure that these goals are achieved. As managers engage in planning, they define goals, establish strategies for achieving those goals and develop plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
2. Organizing:
Organizing has a major in implementing plans successfully. Organizing may be defined as the process of arranging and structuring the work to accomplish the organizational goals. It involves identifying and grouping the activities to be performed, assigning them among individuals and creating authority and responsibility among them.
3. Directing:
Directing can be defined as the management function of communicating, influencing, motivating, leading, etc. human resources towards the achievement of organizational goals. Communication helps to transfer views and ideas in understandable manner. Motivation is needed to influence members of the organization by making them participate in training etc. Leadership function actually starts the work.
4. Controlling:
Controlling is the process of measuring and comparing operating results with the plans and taking corrective action when results deviate from plans. It is checking that the plans are carried out as per expectations. Hence, it is essential for achieving organizational goal. It involves the control in production manager, finance manager, human resource manager, marketing manager and research and development manager.
5. Staffing:
Staffing is concentrated in manpower management. The recruitment, selection, appointment and placement of right person to the right job are part of staffing. It is just like life-blood of an enterprise.
6. Supervision:
Supervision refers to the direct and immediate guidance to the subordinates to ensure the execution of assigned work. The main motive of supervision is to ensure for the optimum utilization of human and physical resources.
Comments
Post a Comment